United States of America (美國), Hawaii, South Kohala District; Umipoho Gulch area above Koia sanctuary; Metrosideros-Cheirodendron Montane Wet Forest w/ Clermontia spp., Adenophorus spp., Dryopteris spp., Astelia, Coprosma. Bryophytes are common in the shrub layer and Pteridophytes are abundant