教會在華南客家社會的發展與文化衝突

The development and cultural conflict of the Church in the Hakka community of southern China
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At the age of 35&nbsp;Zhang Fuxing and his wife, surnamed Huang, to <span>work on a stone quarry in Hong Kong.<br></span><br>Zhang Fuxing (Tsang Fuk Ming) heard Karl Gützlaff’s sermons at the quarry on several occasions and participated in the religious classes at the Fuhan Society, and was eventually hired as a preacher, and followed Karl Gützlaff to proselytize to residents of the Floating Village and to opium addicts. In&nbsp;1852,&nbsp;he returned home to assist in disaster relief and proselytize, becoming the first person bring the gospel into the Hakka regions. From then on, the Basel MIssion gradually developed their missionary work in the Hakka areas of southern China.<br>", "weight": 1, "musicName": "無", "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "basic-ll9p9jdued": { "id": "basic-ll9p9jdued", "type": "basic", "sortable": true, "primaryObj": { "oid": "ceea886fc7d1041a19a4ec69333f6c3f", "fileType": "image", "fileURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/w1024/mcode/f2f24a368b03123fa78bfe826832d733.jpg?itok=by4P-m3f", "level": "primary", "title": "宣教海報「禮拜聖節期」 Promotional Poster: \"Holy Week\".", "desc": "", "thumbURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/square_thumbnail_100/mcode/f2f24a368b03123fa78bfe826832d733.jpg?itok=XtPusjdP", "thumbMediumURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/thumbnail_medium/mcode/f2f24a368b03123fa78bfe826832d733.jpg?itok=YJTEbL1_", "thumbBigURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/thumbnail_big/mcode/f2f24a368b03123fa78bfe826832d733.jpg?itok=HRUqhYkI", "background": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/w1920/mcode/f2f24a368b03123fa78bfe826832d733.jpg?itok=B_M8vD54", "mfid": "f2f24a368b03123fa78bfe826832d733", "fileCreator": "", "rights": "曾福全 Thomas Tsang", "rightsLogo": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/styles/square_thumbnail_100/public/default_rights/memder_non-01.png?itok=DszBk5va", "fileLicence": "創用CC 姓名標示-非商業性-相同方式分享", "fileDisableLink": "1", "fileOversize": false }, "title": "早期的佈道工作", "desc": "<b>Early evangelizing<br></b><br><br>張復興除了向其房親張亞二、張亞三傳教,也向其住居在粘坑的近親傳播福音,短短三年期間福音就通過張復興在五華客家山區的親屬關係傳開來。<br><br>巴色差會察覺到內陸客屬地區的福音傳播相當穩定,因此派遣黎力基和韋永福(Philip Winnes, 1824-1874)前往樟村考察,邊得志更在此後長期駐紮於樟村。<br><br><span>In addition to proselytizing to his relatives Zhang Yaer and Zhang Yasan, Zhang Fuxing also spread the gospel to close relations living in Niankeng. In just three years, the gospel was gradually spread to Zhang Fuxing's extended family in the Hakka mountain areas of Wuhua.<br><br></span>Aware that the Hakka in the inland regions of China were receptive to the gospel, the Basel Mission sent Rudolf Lechler and Philip Winnes (1824-1874) to visit Changcun, where Rev. H. Bender later settled.<br>", "weight": 2, "musicName": "無", "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "quote-06549esvc0": { "id": "quote-06549esvc0", "type": "quote", "sortable": true, "weight": 3, "desc": "<b>當基督教傳入中國後,與當地社會原有思想、文化與生活上所發生的種種衝突,如何面對?<br><br></b>How were conflicts with thoughts, culture, and lifestyles of the local society managed when Christianity first came to China?<b><br></b>", "musicName": "無", "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "basic-mmy01d76p3": { "id": "basic-mmy01d76p3", "type": "basic", "sortable": true, "primaryObj": { "oid": "e83c31095f1b43eaad1f8bb82c124f96", "fileType": "image", "fileURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/w1024/mcode/c067af56e1bdfa414260ae8e8878277b.jpg?itok=OxxPbyUT", "level": "primary", "title": "邊得志與宣教士於香港島山頂", "desc": "", "thumbURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/square_thumbnail_100/mcode/c067af56e1bdfa414260ae8e8878277b.jpg?itok=TMkdzzoG", "thumbMediumURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/thumbnail_medium/mcode/c067af56e1bdfa414260ae8e8878277b.jpg?itok=vZ30GTFS", "thumbBigURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/thumbnail_big/mcode/c067af56e1bdfa414260ae8e8878277b.jpg?itok=uJ9ZlqtA", "background": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/w1920/mcode/c067af56e1bdfa414260ae8e8878277b.jpg?itok=14Sgcrw7", "mfid": "c067af56e1bdfa414260ae8e8878277b", "fileCreator": "", "rights": "巴色差會使命21檔案館", "rightsLogo": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/styles/square_thumbnail_100/public/default_rights/memder_non-04.png?itok=gq-PTcKL", "fileLicence": "著作權利所有-可用於本站提供的服務", "fileDisableLink": "1", "fileOversize": false }, "title": "一、德華樓之爭", "desc": "樟村教會前身——「福音堂」為二層樓房,底層作教會用途,上層則為張復興住處。<br><br>福音堂設立後讓本地教徒更有信心,教會人數規模也逐步擴大。1862年巴色差會派遣韋永福牧師到樟村考察,並在兩年後正式委派邊得志牧師(Rev. H. Bender,&nbsp;1832-1901)長期駐紮樟村,並接管樟村教會的一切工作。<br><br>邊得志認為福音堂為巴色差會所有,要求當時被除去傳道人職務的張復興歸還且無條件搬出福音堂,還把福音堂改名為「德華樓」(有一說認為此命名頌揚德意志、污辱中華),因此與張復興及當地居民起了衝突。<br><br>不過為何張復興會被辭退傳道人職務,改由邊得志接管呢?這與張復興的婚姻有關。", "weight": 4, "musicName": "無", "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "text-br13zx9doe": { "id": "text-br13zx9doe", "type": "text", "sortable": true, "musicName": "無", "weight": 5, "title": "I. Disputes over the Tak Wah Lau building", "desc": "<span>Changcun Church, previously known as the “Gospel Church,” was a two story building. The lower level was used by the parish, and the upper-level served as Zhang Fuxing’ s(Tsang Fuk Ming), residence.<br><br></span><span>The founding of the Gospel Church gave local parishioners a sense of confidence, and their numbers gradually grew. In 1862, the Basel Mission dispatched Rev. Philipp Winnes to Changcun on an inspection tour, and officially sent Rev. H. Bender (1832-1901) to be permanently stationed at<span> Changcun, overseeing all the work at the church in Changcun.<br><br></span></span><span>Rev. H. Bender <span>believed that the Gospel Church was under the auspices of the Basel Mission, and demanded that Zhang Fuxing, who was away on a mission, to return and to move out of the Gospel Church, and decided to change the name of the church to Tak Wah Lou (some claimed that this new name was intended to insult China and glorify Germany. He clashed with local residents and Zhang Fuxing as a result.<br><br></span></span>But why would Zhang Fuxing be dismissed as a missionary to be replaced by Rev. H. Bender? This had something to do with Zhang’s marriage.", "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "basic-ysm7i8n4iv": { "id": "basic-ysm7i8n4iv", "type": "basic", "sortable": true, "primaryObj": { "oid": "5ea7b30200202ebd4371f4b773c86f2d", "fileType": "image", "fileURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/w1024/mcode/6ef363ba2d3d25e4260dcff5bb31e23a.jpg?itok=2xNwp6gW", "level": "primary", "title": "樟村 Tschong-tshoun", "desc": "", "thumbURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/square_thumbnail_100/mcode/6ef363ba2d3d25e4260dcff5bb31e23a.jpg?itok=3_SFE94q", "thumbMediumURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/thumbnail_medium/mcode/6ef363ba2d3d25e4260dcff5bb31e23a.jpg?itok=hV3dj2Mb", "thumbBigURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/thumbnail_big/mcode/6ef363ba2d3d25e4260dcff5bb31e23a.jpg?itok=DjK-VziX", "background": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/w1920/mcode/6ef363ba2d3d25e4260dcff5bb31e23a.jpg?itok=p3xgR4Ao", "mfid": "6ef363ba2d3d25e4260dcff5bb31e23a", "fileCreator": "", "rights": "巴色差會使命21檔案館", "rightsLogo": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/styles/square_thumbnail_100/public/default_rights/memder_non-03.png?itok=h0rkcAOw", "fileLicence": "著作權利所有-可用於本站提供的服務", "fileDisableLink": "1", "fileOversize": false }, "title": "二、張復興為繼香爐再娶", "desc": "張復興的獨子病夭,他的妻子黃氏因心臟病不能再懷孕。張復興為了繼傳香火,於1861年再娶吳氏為妻,而巴色差會總部得知張復興再娶一事,認為違反基督一夫一妻的規定,下令開除張復興的會籍和助理傳道的職務。<br><br>其後,經巴色差會韋永福牧師考察與說明,試圖與教會溝通<b>擁有子嗣對當地人們的</b><b>重要性,</b>而張復興在樟村一帶擁有相當大的影響力,不讓張復興再參與教會事務恐怕將影響五華的信徒,因而巴色差會並未將其逐出教會。", "weight": 6, "musicName": "無", "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "text-ik0ox7bz9a": { "id": "text-ik0ox7bz9a", "type": "text", "sortable": true, "musicName": "無", "weight": 7, "title": "II. Zhang Fuxing remarries to carry on the family name", "desc": "<span>When Zhang Fuxing's only child died, his wife (surnamed Huang) was unable to bear another child because of a heart condition. In order to carry on the family name, Zhang Fuxing remarries another woman (surnamed Wu) in 1861. When the Basel Mission headquarters heard about Zhang’s remarriage, they felt this violated the Christian doctrine of monogamy so revoked Zhang’s membership from the Basel Mission, and dismissed him from his assistant missionary position.<br><br></span>Subsequently, with the investigation and explanation by Basel Mission Reverend Philip Winnes, and attempts to communicate to the church about the importance to the local population of having an heir. Zhang had a significant influence on the Zhangcun area, so removing him from church business would affect the faithful in Wuhua. As a result the Basel Mission did not excommunicate him.<br>", "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "basic-npeibl11p0": { "id": "basic-npeibl11p0", "type": "basic", "sortable": true, "primaryObj": { "oid": "509d8efd7ec7e7ad4e94a767cd74448a", "fileType": "image", "fileURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/w1024/mcode/bbf147ed7cb7ac786d3fd524c2c4b36f.jpg?itok=i80wVZAO", "level": "primary", "title": "1916年廣東三巴教會分布圖 The 1916 parish distribution map of the Semba Church in Guangdong.", "desc": "", "thumbURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/square_thumbnail_100/mcode/bbf147ed7cb7ac786d3fd524c2c4b36f.jpg?itok=VsRYAkfI", "thumbMediumURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/thumbnail_medium/mcode/bbf147ed7cb7ac786d3fd524c2c4b36f.jpg?itok=k2BCoqtD", "thumbBigURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/thumbnail_big/mcode/bbf147ed7cb7ac786d3fd524c2c4b36f.jpg?itok=Epn7Cqc-", "background": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/w1920/mcode/bbf147ed7cb7ac786d3fd524c2c4b36f.jpg?itok=1T_BSG7f", "mfid": "bbf147ed7cb7ac786d3fd524c2c4b36f", "musicURL": "", "musicName": "", "fileCreator": "", "rights": "曾福全 Thomas Tsang", "rightsLogo": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/styles/square_thumbnail_100/public/default_rights/memder_non-02.png?itok=fGKM5I0r", "fileLicence": "創用CC 姓名標示-非商業性-相同方式分享", "fileDisableLink": "1", "fileOversize": false }, "title": "請輸入頁面標題", "desc": "自1847年發展到1910年,巴色差會已經在廣東省內約三分之二的客家地區建有教堂,<br>分為南會(香港地區)和北會(五華地區)兩個區塊管理。<br><br>From 1847 to 1910, the Basel Mission built churches in two-thirds of the Hakka regions of Guangdong Province which were divided into the Northern Society (Wuhua Region) and Southern Society (Hong Kong region) for governance.", "musicName": "無", "weight": 8, "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "text-uec2sd0bjp": { "id": "text-uec2sd0bjp", "type": "text", "sortable": true, "weight": 9, "desc": "<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http://openmuseum.tw/muse/exhibition/a31376471fee95e42667c42599da1594#img-btsmaqq67h\">返回主展覽</a><br><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://openmuseum.tw/muse/exhibition/643165fdc080424294b96be6f007fec2#img-xar27bektj\">Return to the Main Exhibition</a>", "musicName": "無", "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "thanks": { "id": "thanks", "type": "thanks", "sortable": false, "thanksList": { "巴色差會使命21檔案館": { "rights": "巴色差會使命21檔案館", "rightsLogo": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/styles/square_thumbnail_100/public/default_rights/memder_non-01.png?itok=DszBk5va", "obj": [ "8fca04b65d560af80d77e3ab524c5b56", "45a49c9e38096a7bea96f2a281022555", "e83c31095f1b43eaad1f8bb82c124f96", "5ea7b30200202ebd4371f4b773c86f2d" ], "objNum": 4 }, "曾福全 Thomas Tsang": { "rights": "曾福全 Thomas Tsang", "rightsLogo": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/styles/square_thumbnail_100/public/default_rights/memder_non-01.png?itok=DszBk5va", "obj": [ 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