新幾內亞高地的許多社會傳統使用珠母貝（kina）作為儀式交換的珍品。歐洲人進入後大量從海邊輸入珠母貝，造成貝的通貨膨脹，於是貝在有些社會逐漸失去價值，歐洲貨幣取而代之。

Many societies in the highlands of New Guinea traditionally used prized mother-of-pearl shells, called kina, in ritual exchange. However, Europeans began large quantities of mother-of-pearl shells from coastal regions when they arrived in the area, causing the inflation of shells. Consequently, shells gradually lost their value and were replaced by European currencies in some societies.

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