百年來我們一直認錯的「麵包樹」

展覽頁面呈現形式
橫式
時間軸
追本溯源 | 麵包樹學名正名之旅
策展者
李香瑩
鍾國芳
展覽封面
a43e2d0ca5640ae2dea0f3f3c742841e
展覽資料
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Webber R.A. fecit/Boats of the Friendly Islands./Vide Cooks last Voy. Vol II Bk. II Chap IV./Publish'd Augt. 1 1791 by J. Webber No.. 312. Oxford Street.", "thumbURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/square_thumbnail_100/mcode/3d9b1610cd47d137f671d075bfde125b.jpg?itok=DLkk1QJ-", "thumbMediumURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/thumbnail_medium/mcode/3d9b1610cd47d137f671d075bfde125b.jpg?itok=qL-yCKPY", "thumbBigURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/thumbnail_big/mcode/3d9b1610cd47d137f671d075bfde125b.jpg?itok=WCKxFLyo", "background": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/w1920/mcode/3d9b1610cd47d137f671d075bfde125b.jpg?itok=wM_gf3tL", "mfid": "3d9b1610cd47d137f671d075bfde125b", "musicURL": "", "musicName": "", "fileCreator": "約翰.韋伯 John Webber ", "rights": "British Museum", "rightsLogo": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/styles/square_thumbnail_100/public/default_rights/memder_non-01.png?itok=DszBk5va", "fileLicence": "創用CC 姓名標示-非商業性-相同方式分享", "fileDisableLink": 0, "sourceID": "", "creator": "", "fileOversize": false }, "title": 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"https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/w1920/mcode/ddf728b74797652b1fc700a162fc73fa.jpg?itok=hERCNzma", "mfid": "ddf728b74797652b1fc700a162fc73fa", "musicURL": "", "musicName": "", "fileCreator": "Christophe cagé", "rights": "維基百科", "rightsLogo": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/styles/square_thumbnail_100/public/default_rights/memder_non-05.png?itok=0rVBS4da", "fileLicence": "創用CC 姓名標示-非商業性-相同方式分享", "fileDisableLink": 0, "sourceID": "", "creator": "", "fileOversize": false }, "title": "分布廣闊的南島子民", "desc": "19世紀,歐洲的語言學家依據語言的相似性,將有著同樣起源的語言歸類在一起,稱為「語系」;而使用相同語言,正是定義民族的重要條件之一。<br><br>使用南島語系(Austronesian languages)的南島族群,目前在全世界約有四億人口,是世上唯一以島為家,分布範圍最廣、多樣性最高的語系。<br><br>其分布廣闊(如左方紅色圈圈),北起臺灣、東至南美洲之西的復活節島、南到紐西蘭、西到東非的馬達加斯加,東西橫越207經度、南北縱跨72緯度,包括約1,300種語言。<br>", "musicName": "無", "weight": 4, "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "quote-jl2ftoz1ly": { "id": "quote-jl2ftoz1ly", "type": "quote", "sortable": true, "musicName": "無", "weight": 5, "desc": "<b>由於南島語族廣闊的地理分布,探討南島語族的起源,一直都是太平洋考古人類學的核心議題。</b><br>", "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "img-cctxlhvd3m": { "id": "img-cctxlhvd3m", "type": "img", "sortable": true, "primaryObj": { "oid": "63b0b42d386ddeaefebe1c022d719c06", "fileType": "video", "fileURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/muse_download/f59cad20fa2459669bf162a87fcba8e0", "level": "primary", "title": "著名語言學者白樂思於《南島起源》新書發表會預錄致詞", "desc": "2021年8月17日舉辦《南島起源》新書發表記者會\r\n著名語言學者白樂思於《南島起源》新書發表會預錄致詞\r\n\r\n聯合國教科文組織宣布2019年為「國際原住民族語言年」,在「臺美全球合作暨訓練架構(GCTF)」的框架下,臺灣、美國、日本與帛琉等國共同合作,在帛琉辦理「南島語言復振國際論壇」,希望各國政府重新檢視並落實對原住民族語言積極復振、保存與永續的承諾。本次論壇的成果,是臺灣連結南島語族的起點,因此本書特別邀請當日發表的學者專家,分別從考古學、基因學、語言學等觀點探討南島語族起源說,分享各國語言復振實例。\r\n", "thumbURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/styles/square_thumbnail_100/public/externals/3ad31520b6cf1e01062200de2b4c5861.jpg?itok=G86ifrVC", "thumbMediumURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/styles/thumbnail_medium/public/externals/3ad31520b6cf1e01062200de2b4c5861.jpg?itok=XuSye-Pp", "thumbBigURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/styles/thumbnail_big/public/externals/3ad31520b6cf1e01062200de2b4c5861.jpg?itok=CchxJ75f", "background": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/styles/w1920/public/externals/3ad31520b6cf1e01062200de2b4c5861.jpg?itok=b0zGc3y0", "mfid": "f59cad20fa2459669bf162a87fcba8e0", "musicURL": "", "musicName": "", "fileCreator": "", "rights": "Austronesian Forum 南島民族論壇", "rightsLogo": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/styles/square_thumbnail_100/public/default_rights/memder_non-04.png?itok=gq-PTcKL", "fileLicence": "著作權利所有-可用於本站提供的服務", "fileDisableLink": 0, "sourceID": "", "creator": "", "fileOversize": false }, "title": "何處是南島語族的「原鄉」?", "desc": "其中最經典的假設就是依據考古資料及各南島語言發展軌跡證據,由考古學家貝爾伍德與語言學家白樂思所提出的「出臺灣說」。<br>我們來聽聽白樂思於《南島起源》新書發表會怎麼說?<br><b>簡單來說,白樂思認為臺灣雖僅有少量的南島語言,但其多樣性非常高,顯示臺灣就是南島語族起源所在地。</b>", "musicName": "無", "weight": 6, "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "highlight_basic-n32akoqc5r": { "id": "highlight_basic-n32akoqc5r", "type": "highlight_basic", "sortable": true, "primaryObj": { "oid": "5ff8afc92e5809c20827194b21901b42", "fileType": "image", "fileURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/w1024/mcode/af77ee210df368c42d87a6ff61745314.jpg?itok=tcISZcbI", "level": "primary", "title": "構樹葉綠體 ndhF-rpl32 基因單型分布及網狀圖/構樹葉綠體 ndhF-rpl32 基因單倍型分布及網狀圖", "desc": "將各基因單型 (haplotype) 以不同色系表示,並標上編號1-48,圖中可見各基因單型於地理上的分布以及網狀圖。\n在地圖上以圓餅圖標示不同基因單型於同一地理區所佔的比例,圓餅圖的大小對應該地的樣本數。在網狀圖中各基因單型的編號標示於圓圈內,跨號中的數字為樣本數,圓圈的大小與樣本數成比例,圓圈越大表示攜有該基因單型的樣本越多,小於10的樣本數未標示。出現在臺灣的基因單型以虛線表示,方形則表示該基因單型為特有基因單型 (unique haplotype),僅出現在特定地理區。太平洋地區紅圈內填黑色代表標本樣本。", "thumbURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/square_thumbnail_100/mcode/af77ee210df368c42d87a6ff61745314.jpg?itok=UbOYU9TZ", "thumbMediumURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/thumbnail_medium/mcode/af77ee210df368c42d87a6ff61745314.jpg?itok=7MJa51wP", "thumbBigURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/thumbnail_big/mcode/af77ee210df368c42d87a6ff61745314.jpg?itok=tlCYHKZR", "background": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/w1920/mcode/af77ee210df368c42d87a6ff61745314.jpg?itok=0gFKZYLj", "mfid": "af77ee210df368c42d87a6ff61745314", "musicURL": "", "musicName": "", "fileCreator": "鍾國芳", "rights": "鍾國芳", "rightsLogo": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/styles/square_thumbnail_100/public/default_rights/memder_non-01.png?itok=DszBk5va", "fileLicence": "創用CC 姓名標示-非商業性-相同方式分享", "fileDisableLink": "0", "sourceID": "", "creator": "", "fileOversize": false }, "title": "構樹告訴我們的事", "desc": "場景回到臺灣~<br><br>2008年,一通電話的機緣,讓中研院生物多樣性研究中心鍾國芳副研究員團隊開始投入構樹的研究,由此串聯起一系列植物學家的人類學之旅篇章。<br><br>構樹的分布標記出了南島語族的起源與遷徙路線,<b>特有的編號17單倍型</b>,指出構樹的原產地,也佐證了考古學與語言學「<b>出臺灣說</b>」的假設,臺灣是南島語族可追溯最早的原鄉。<br><br><b>相關展覽</b><br><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://openmuseum.tw/muse/exhibition/9c9c5736e4d5d727e393b1f710c49bba\">有構厲害|植物學家的人類學之旅</a><br>", "musicName": "無", "weight": 7, "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "quote-snhkzvpxsh": { "id": "quote-snhkzvpxsh", "type": "quote", "sortable": true, "musicName": "無", "weight": 8, "desc": "問題來了?!<br><b>南島語族的擴張絕</b><b>非有去無回的單方向遷徙</b>。<br>以蘭嶼雅美族的例子來看,學者便提出了兩項可能。<br><b>1</b> | 雅美族源自菲律賓北方的巴丹群島<br><b>2</b> | 雅美族源自臺灣本島", "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "basic-fktv7vaeoj": { "id": "basic-fktv7vaeoj", "type": "basic", "sortable": true, "primaryObj": { "oid": "039c57fc8ff8020ee9a3ea0a5a6cca19", "fileType": "image", "fileURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/w1024/mcode/0a12561fe0976b89114de7feed353705.jpg?itok=ptEBxy2y", "level": "primary", "title": "穿著丁字褲族服的達悟族男性", "desc": "", "thumbURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/square_thumbnail_100/mcode/0a12561fe0976b89114de7feed353705.jpg?itok=GfvAP5Wd", "thumbMediumURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/thumbnail_medium/mcode/0a12561fe0976b89114de7feed353705.jpg?itok=Gbbz2azM", "thumbBigURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/thumbnail_big/mcode/0a12561fe0976b89114de7feed353705.jpg?itok=ln_wAGRu", "background": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/w1920/mcode/0a12561fe0976b89114de7feed353705.jpg?itok=44D2Fij0", "mfid": "0a12561fe0976b89114de7feed353705", "musicURL": "", "musicName": "", "fileCreator": "", "rights": "Yang Yao Long", "rightsLogo": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/styles/square_thumbnail_100/public/default_rights/memder_non-01.png?itok=DszBk5va", "fileLicence": "創用CC 姓名標示-相同方式分享", "fileDisableLink": 0, "sourceID": "", "creator": "", "fileOversize": false }, "title": "蘭嶼雅美族", "desc": "世居臺灣東南外海火山島蘭嶼上的雅美族 (Yami)是臺灣原住民族中唯一以海為生的海洋民族。<br><br>蘭嶼的雅美族與臺灣本島的原住民族一樣都屬於南島語族 (Austronesian- speaking peoples)。", "musicName": "無", "weight": 9, "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, 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"fileCreator": "", "rights": "鍾國芳", "rightsLogo": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/styles/square_thumbnail_100/public/default_rights/memder_non-01.png?itok=DszBk5va", "fileLicence": "創用CC 姓名標示-非商業性", "fileDisableLink": 0, "sourceID": "", "creator": "", "fileOversize": false }, "title": "語言與文化相似性", "desc": "以臺灣為例,雖然本島的原住民族語言 (即 Formosan languages 福爾摩沙語群) 涵蓋了南島語系10個主要語群中的其中9個語群,但雅美語屬於南島語系第10個語群—馬來-玻里尼西亞語群—的巴丹語群。<br><br>由於雅美語與巴丹群島最北的 Itbayat島上的Ivatan族語言及文化的相似性,<b>一般皆認為雅美人極有可能源自 Ivatan 族,而與臺灣本島其他原住民族無直接關聯性</b>。", "musicName": "無", "weight": 10, "secondaryObj": { "level": "secondary", "oid": "a34f37fb56b74a730a4b2a223bf07611", "title": "臺灣、菲律賓地圖", "desc": "", "thumbURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/square_thumbnail_100/mcode/55a8a5b09092b2587af4264e01e7d198.jpg?itok=GjQ1utED", "thumbMediumURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/thumbnail_medium/mcode/55a8a5b09092b2587af4264e01e7d198.jpg?itok=SOEMLVKv", "thumbBigURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/thumbnail_big/mcode/55a8a5b09092b2587af4264e01e7d198.jpg?itok=UKq4-D-K", "background": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/w1920/mcode/55a8a5b09092b2587af4264e01e7d198.jpg?itok=KruF4xeO", "mfid": "55a8a5b09092b2587af4264e01e7d198", "musicURL": "", "musicName": "", "fileURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/w1024/mcode/55a8a5b09092b2587af4264e01e7d198.jpg?itok=bcBikdYL", "fileType": "image", "fileCreator": "", "rights": "鍾國芳", "rightsLogo": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/styles/square_thumbnail_100/public/default_rights/memder_non-05.png?itok=0rVBS4da", "fileLicence": "創用CC 姓名標示-非商業性", "fileDisableLink": 0, "sourceID": "", "creator": "", "fileOversize": false }, "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "highlight_basic-8nrli2sp5v": { "id": "highlight_basic-8nrli2sp5v", "type": "highlight_basic", "sortable": true, "primaryObj": { "oid": "0bf548eb0756907131f2fb083106ebc9", "fileType": "image", "fileURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/w1024/mcode/e71c3edf880bb5e82c598f08720bba35.jpg?itok=4M2o-oJf", "level": "primary", "title": "西元前500年南海海洋貿易的玉石種類", "desc": "", "thumbURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/square_thumbnail_100/mcode/e71c3edf880bb5e82c598f08720bba35.jpg?itok=KTbmq1qm", "thumbMediumURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/thumbnail_medium/mcode/e71c3edf880bb5e82c598f08720bba35.jpg?itok=Hd6gXQyF", "thumbBigURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/thumbnail_big/mcode/e71c3edf880bb5e82c598f08720bba35.jpg?itok=I39FMD68", "background": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/w1920/mcode/e71c3edf880bb5e82c598f08720bba35.jpg?itok=tPtbKg0O", "mfid": "e71c3edf880bb5e82c598f08720bba35", "musicURL": "", "musicName": "", "fileCreator": "", "rights": "JOURNAL OF ISLAND & COASTAL ARCHAEOLOGY", "rightsLogo": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/styles/square_thumbnail_100/public/default_rights/memder_non-04.png?itok=gq-PTcKL", "fileLicence": "創用CC 姓名標示-非商業性-相同方式分享", "fileDisableLink": "1", "sourceID": "", "creator": "", "fileOversize": false }, "title": "考古學證據", "desc": "考古學者在南海周邊地區新石器時代考古遺址中發現了產自花蓮豐田的玉石所製作成的玉器,顯示臺灣古代係屬於新石器時代南海海洋貿易網絡中的一環。<br><br>此外,<span>稻米基因體研究也揭示了臺灣原住民稻米品系中來自菲律賓的稻米品系的影響,<span><b>提供了南島語族由南向北遷徙的佐證</b>。</span></span><br><br>", "musicName": "無", "weight": 11, "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "text-7vdsio21ob": { "id": "text-7vdsio21ob", "type": "text", "sortable": true, "musicName": "無", "weight": 12, "musicText": "", "musicURL": "", "title": "考古與人類遺傳學的證據", "desc": "然而,依據蘭嶼的考古資料,有學者推測,『<b>蘭嶼和巴丹島的史前居民至遲在三千年前可能共同來自於臺灣的東海岸。這些人群的全部或部分,有可能即是今日蘭嶼和巴丹島民的祖先</b><span>』。<br><br></span>人類遺傳學依據Y 染色體與粒線體\nDNA發現<span>,相較於 Ivatan 族,雅美人與本島原住民族更為近緣,顯示蘭嶼雅美族比較可能是源自臺灣本島。<b></b><br><br>蘭嶼雅美族祖源議題上,語言學上與考古學及人類遺傳學證據上的不一致性,可能導因於早期移居蘭嶼的福爾摩沙語族被後到的巴丹語族取代,突顯了<b>南島語族遷徙的複雜性以及需要進一步的研究與多元的證據方能全面瞭解現今雅美人的祖源</b>。<br><br>從構樹的例子來看,鍾國芳研究團隊便認為而這其中,或許可由雅美人栽培、利用的植物或馴化的動物提供一些線索。<br><br></span><br>" }, "theme-px6itc2rn7": { "id": "theme-px6itc2rn7", "type": "theme", "sortable": true, "primaryObj": { "oid": "df49f8d149576a3eef224aa1d64ff725", "fileType": "image", "fileURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/w1024/mcode/2ff2ea71bbf5c52b4a0d4dcdc9990fbd.jpg?itok=R97HFPSR", "level": "primary", "title": "南島語族有優異的造船及航海術", "desc": "圖為西方傳教士於夏威夷首次邂逅原住民時所繪。", "thumbURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/square_thumbnail_100/mcode/2ff2ea71bbf5c52b4a0d4dcdc9990fbd.jpg?itok=g5PLa3i_", "thumbMediumURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/thumbnail_medium/mcode/2ff2ea71bbf5c52b4a0d4dcdc9990fbd.jpg?itok=2SNi-EGx", "thumbBigURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/thumbnail_big/mcode/2ff2ea71bbf5c52b4a0d4dcdc9990fbd.jpg?itok=W4SDxZZ7", "background": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/w1920/mcode/2ff2ea71bbf5c52b4a0d4dcdc9990fbd.jpg?itok=YMJFQ7Bv", "mfid": "2ff2ea71bbf5c52b4a0d4dcdc9990fbd", "musicURL": "", "musicName": "", "fileCreator": "", "rights": "維基百科", "rightsLogo": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/styles/square_thumbnail_100/public/default_rights/memder_non-04.png?itok=gq-PTcKL", "fileLicence": "公眾領域標章(Public Domain Mark)", "fileDisableLink": 0, "sourceID": "", "creator": "", "fileOversize": false }, "title": "打「包」出發!", "desc": "南島語族為農業民族,遷移時因為食、衣、文化所需,將由豬、雞、狗、太平洋鼠等動物,以及麵包樹、芋頭、山藥、構樹等大約70種植物組成的「農業包裹」打包,並隨之將這些共生物種傳至遠大洋洲各島嶼。", "musicName": "無", "weight": 13, "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "quote-yi3tyrbf25": { "id": "quote-yi3tyrbf25", "type": "quote", "sortable": true, "musicName": "無", "weight": 14, "musicText": "", "musicURL": "", "desc": "還記得我們在構樹回合提過的<b>共生物種</b>概念嗎?<br>如果不記得我們就來複習一下!<br><br>" }, "text-lhk3cl1c2c": { "id": "text-lhk3cl1c2c", "type": "text", "sortable": true, "musicName": "無", "weight": 15, "title": "南島語族的浪跡天涯小包包", "desc": "距今約5,000多年前,南島語族的祖先就來到臺灣了,並發展出進步的農業耕和造船術,隨著農耕技術和航海技術的進步,糧食生產促成人口快速增長,亦激化土地的競爭,也就增加了南島語族不可避免地向外遷徙。<br><br>隨著南島語族不斷遷徙,如同我們出國浪跡天涯時,喜歡帶著「大同電鍋、維力榨醬麵」一樣,南島語族帶著熟悉的工具用品、食物,以及容易繁殖的動植物一併打包上船,遷徙時攜帶的這一整套能夠重現原來生活的原料,則稱為「<b>農業包裹</b>」,用以複製原本生活方式,所到之處便行種植、養殖,沿途也吸納當地生物利用的智慧。<br><br><b>這些與南島語族生存息息相關的動植物,我們便稱之為「共生物種 (commensal species)</b>」。<br><br>隨著南島語族遷徙與擴張被傳入大洋洲的南島共生物種增加了南島語族祖先在資源匱乏、充滿挑戰的未知偏遠島嶼上生存的機率。", "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "quote-gqjy7erfsy": { "id": "quote-gqjy7erfsy", "type": "quote", "sortable": true, "musicName": "無", "weight": 16, "desc": "多數南島共生物種全賴南島語族才得以擴展其分布範圍,這些共生物種的DNA也記載了南島語族遷徙與擴張的歷史。", "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "highlight_basic-hhw8puyfgc": { "id": "highlight_basic-hhw8puyfgc", "type": "highlight_basic", "sortable": true, "primaryObj": { "oid": "44bb467f1184669a6fc4f9d6e77dec40", "fileType": "image", "fileURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/w1024/mcode/057a6d709c30aa54b2ab1e93308ac591.jpg?itok=suXrRn_9", "level": "primary", "title": "Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg (1941) 手繪圖", "desc": "", "thumbURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/square_thumbnail_100/mcode/057a6d709c30aa54b2ab1e93308ac591.jpg?itok=e4P-jYws", "thumbMediumURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/thumbnail_medium/mcode/057a6d709c30aa54b2ab1e93308ac591.jpg?itok=223AQ0PY", "thumbBigURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/thumbnail_big/mcode/057a6d709c30aa54b2ab1e93308ac591.jpg?itok=Kat9rCTS", "background": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/w1920/mcode/057a6d709c30aa54b2ab1e93308ac591.jpg?itok=9nVisYNw", "mfid": "057a6d709c30aa54b2ab1e93308ac591", "musicURL": "", "musicName": "", "fileCreator": "", "rights": "鍾國芳", "rightsLogo": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/styles/square_thumbnail_100/public/default_rights/memder_non-01.png?itok=DszBk5va", "fileLicence": "著作權利所有-可用於本站提供的服務", "fileDisableLink": "1", "sourceID": "", "creator": "", "fileOversize": false }, "title": "共生物種之一「麵包樹」", "desc": "<b>麵包樹是波里尼西亞與東南亞極為常見與重要的食物來源</b>,目前於全球熱帶廣泛栽培。<br>而南島語族的原住民們,對於祖先們遷徙路上攜帶的麵包樹,也有許多不同的利用方式與傳說。", "musicName": "無", "weight": 17, "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "embed_html-00ig63ladi": { "id": "embed_html-00ig63ladi", "type": "embed_html", "sortable": true, "weight": 18, "embed_html": "<iframe src=\"https://e.infogram.com/9c6a6b50-fa2e-4278-8a32-b639055563f6?src=embed\" title=\"Untitled chart\" width=\"700\" height=\"700\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"></iframe><div style=\"padding:8px 0;font-family:Arial!important;font-size:13px!important;line-height:15px!important;text-align:center;border-top:1px solid #dadada;margin:0 30px;width: 640px\"><a href=\"https://infogram.com/9c6a6b50-fa2e-4278-8a32-b639055563f6\" style=\"color:#989898!important;text-decoration:none!important;\" target=\"_blank\">Untitled chart</a><br><a href=\"https://infogram.com\" style=\"color:#989898!important;text-decoration:none!important;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Infogram</a></div>" }, "img-g2jy2lgg07": { "id": "img-g2jy2lgg07", "type": "img", "sortable": true, "primaryObj": { "oid": "353dfce971c8caf1a5568b868e2faf2b", "fileType": "image", "fileURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/w1024/mcode/7c48edd2ad5419fefe370d6d8c2ea01e.jpg?itok=TA8XCkDi", "level": "primary", "title": "鹿野忠雄等人及達悟族人合影", "desc": "移川子之藏(前排右和服者)與宮本延人(前列左端)、鹿野忠雄、馬淵東一等人及達悟族人合影。", "thumbURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/square_thumbnail_100/mcode/7c48edd2ad5419fefe370d6d8c2ea01e.jpg?itok=Lf1FeyAU", "thumbMediumURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/thumbnail_medium/mcode/7c48edd2ad5419fefe370d6d8c2ea01e.jpg?itok=w8_AWIyU", "thumbBigURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/thumbnail_big/mcode/7c48edd2ad5419fefe370d6d8c2ea01e.jpg?itok=8Z1ssrUV", "background": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/w1920/mcode/7c48edd2ad5419fefe370d6d8c2ea01e.jpg?itok=sYFd8U3q", "mfid": "7c48edd2ad5419fefe370d6d8c2ea01e", "musicURL": "", "musicName": "", "fileCreator": "", "rights": "鹿野忠雄", "rightsLogo": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/styles/square_thumbnail_100/public/default_rights/memder_non-05.png?itok=0rVBS4da", "fileLicence": "公眾領域標章(Public Domain Mark)", "fileDisableLink": 0, "sourceID": "", "creator": "", "fileOversize": false }, "title": "雅美族人的農業包裹", "desc": "在蘭嶼雅美人利用的200多種植物中,許多學者都認為「麵包樹」可能是雅美族祖先由巴丹群島遷徙到蘭嶼時所攜帶的共生物種。<br><br>然而,如日治時期著名的博物學者鹿野忠雄在《人類學雜誌》上發表的論文『臺灣原住民族に於ける數種栽培植物と臺灣島民族史との關聯 』中所言:<div>「… <i>it is obvious that care must be taken to ascertain whether such plant grows wild or whether it was introduced</i>」,要以「麵包樹」探究蘭嶼雅美人祖源的前提是要確認蘭嶼的「麵包樹」是原生抑或引進的植物,但此時我們卻發現臺灣的「麵包樹」在分類上似乎還有著尚未被解決的問題!</div><div><br></div>", "musicName": "無", "weight": 19, "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "imgs-4dmsziyz0v": { "id": "imgs-4dmsziyz0v", "type": "imgs", "sortable": true, "multiObjs": [ { "oid": "f8382347616028e2a347518c6328d69a", "title": "夏威夷的麵包樹(<i>Artocarpus altilis</i>) ", "desc": "", "thumbURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/square_thumbnail_100/mcode/c81ba1043b60ddbdbf4f547c663d43a0.jpg?itok=bMvjm3T5", "thumbMediumURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/thumbnail_medium/mcode/c81ba1043b60ddbdbf4f547c663d43a0.jpg?itok=cVL9SzWW", "thumbBigURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/thumbnail_big/mcode/c81ba1043b60ddbdbf4f547c663d43a0.jpg?itok=cI-uI3bd", "background": 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</i>為採集自夏威夷一處公園的 <i>A. treculianus</i>,在分析中也群聚在 <i>Cipoho</i> 支序內,顯示源自蘭嶼的&nbsp;<i>Cipoho&nbsp;</i>可能已成為園藝植物廣銷於世界各地。<br>", "musicText": "", "musicURL": "", "title": "臺灣各地「麵包樹」從哪裡來?" }, "quote-3yq7s5r2xc": { "id": "quote-3yq7s5r2xc", "type": "quote", "sortable": true, "musicName": "無", "weight": 31, "desc": "臺灣常見的「麵包樹」其正確學名應該是<i>Artocarpus</i><i>&nbsp;treculianus</i>,與世界上其他地區廣泛栽植的 breadfruit (<i>Artocarpus altilis</i>) 是不同種。<br>但考慮到「麵包樹」這個名稱已經被我們用了這麼久了,鍾國芳老師建議還是繼續叫它「麵包樹」吧!<br>至於在臺灣很難會遇到的<i>Artocarpus altilis</i>,我們就稍微麻煩的叫它「太平洋麵包樹 (Pacific breadfruit)」。", "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "imgs-fg3pen56bx": { "id": "imgs-fg3pen56bx", "type": "imgs", "sortable": true, "multiObjs": [ { "oid": "99e1cacd4d54c7ecf08ac5c7ed69f79c", "title": "麵包樹 (<i>Artocarpus treculianus</i>)攝於花蓮縣光復鄉", "desc": "", "thumbURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/square_thumbnail_100/mcode/9742aba55c8a8aabbbdc5dc9cc7c2154.jpg?itok=bQsXt6OI", "thumbMediumURI": 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李香瑩鍾國芳