松柏長青
松柏長青
2020/09/19
2021/01/10
牆外花徑特展-木部之二
展覽頁面呈現形式
橫式
策展者
黃生
楊智凱
莊貴竣
展覽封面
a82dc08fd4c642a5e4606cc4dbaeff75
展覽資料
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"desc": "在祝賀人長壽的詞句當中，「松柏長青」是常使用的比喻方式，其中的松柏指的便是松樹與柏樹，因為這兩類多是大喬木，而且是常綠的針葉樹，因此才具有此長青的象徵意義。"
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"title": "松柏在逆境中展現的氣節",
"desc": "就算在強勁的風勢下，松柏也是頂著強風生長，姿態如蟠龍昂首，能夠讓人感受到在逆境中堅忍不拔的毅力，在《論語．子罕》中也描述到「歲寒，然後知松柏之後凋也。」從這樣逆風及後凋的描述，都在文人心中轉化為君子處亂世或逆境時，仍能守正不苟，不變的高尚節操。",
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"title": "《詩經·商頌》殷武",
"desc": "<div>因此歌詠松柏的詩句也不在少數，從最早的詩經中就能看出端倪：陟彼景山，松柏丸丸，是斷是遷，方斫是虔。松桷有梴，旅楹有閒，寢成孔安。</div><div><br></div><div>商人祭祀歌頌殷高宗武丁之詩詞，其中的「陟彼景山、松柏丸丸」。除了描述登上景山，看見滿山松柏蒼鬱、高聳、筆直外，也藉此象徵殷武丁的中興事蹟垂之不朽。</div>",
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"desc": "透過蘇軾及黃庭堅的詩句，也都能看出古人對於松柏參天、挺立於各種逆境的景仰之心。",
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"desc": "<div>但什麼是松? 什麼又是柏呢?</div><div>松和柏之間又具有什麼樣的關聯呢?</div>"
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"title": "松柏的外型差異",
"desc": "<div>發現了嗎? 兩者在葉片上的型態有著極大的差異？</div><div>松的葉片呈針形、螺旋狀的排列</div><div>柏的葉片通常為鱗片狀，十字對生或輪生</div>",
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"title": "松",
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"desc": "[中譯]一種 日文名稱つまじろごえふ（tsumajirogoehu）\n葉為五針形狀如一般的ごえふ（植物名，goehu），春天發芽並從中生出葉片，到夏之初為白色，至秋季則全部轉為綠色。（頁十二後頁）\n\n翻譯：林玟君",
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"title": "赤松、朱松",
"desc": "[中譯]一種 赤松（日文名稱あ可まつ，akamatsu）\n樹皮呈赤褐色，無鳞甲狀且皮較薄，葉子細短且柔軟，樹枝比黑松茂密，所結果實亦較多。（頁十三後頁、頁十四前頁） \n\n翻譯：林玟君",
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"title": "雁翅柏",
"desc": "一種「ひば（hiba）」，「雁翅柏」，「棬木」，「水杉」，以上出自《物理小識》。\n葉子的形狀與「さハら（sahara）」相似而密，樹枝下垂，木材白而帶有薄黃色，稠密而強韌，可用來製作器物。《物理小識》中載閩有水杉，葉與垂柏相似，木材可削作甑、盤等器物，―名為「棬木」，因材質輕而名此。（頁七後頁）\n\n翻譯：林玟君",
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"title": "扁柏",
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"title": "叢柏/白檀",
"desc": "「叢柏」，出自《集解》，其中一種為漢種的「白檀，びやくだん（biyakudan）」。「香柏」，出自《遵生八牋》。\n即使被稱為漢種（從中國傳入日本的品種），詳細觀察其樹葉與扁柏相似，葉面與葉背都為綠色，花形則如側柏。（頁三後頁）\n\n翻譯：林玟君",
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"title": "柳柏",
"desc": "一種「やうらくひバ（yaurakuhiba）」，「ひよくひバ（hiyokuhiba）」，「りうも（riumo）」，「柳柏」出自《通雅》。\n於常陸筑波山中自生，樹幹剛挺而直立，葉子的形狀與杉相似而長短交雜，又如花柏般葉子交錯皆隨枝條而下垂。（頁十四前頁）\n\n翻譯：林玟君",
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"title": "千頭柏",
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"desc": "柏的種類繁多，單以「柏」為名稱時，舉如：側柏、扁柏、花柏等，「柏」字出現於其品類之下。於藥方時，如「柏葉」、「柏子仁」等說法時，一般用以指稱漢種（從中國傳入日本的品種）的側柏，其餘則出自《集解》之說且並無常見的藥方等功能。（頁一前頁）\n\n側柏\n從漢土越洋傳來，栽種於官園中，成為喬木，高至二、三丈，葉一般的「このてかしハ（konotekashiha），手掌柏」極為相似而細薄，也與扁薄的葉子相似而硬，枝條粗而直立，故有「側柏」的名稱。新生的葉子本為五瓣，開淡黃色小花，結實的形狀與「このてかしハ（konotekashiha），手掌柏」的果實相似而大，如指頭般圓，中有籽，呈黃褐色，大約三分大小，與松子相似。在雷斅的說法中，其有子，圓葉成片如大片雲母，葉皆於側葉上有些許赤毛者，適合用於藥用。\n「叢柏」，出自《集解》，又稱為「このてかしハ」，「手掌柏」，出自《紹興有志》。（頁一後頁、頁二前頁、頁二後頁）\n\n叢柏\n此品種世上最多，於《萬葉集》中乃稱為「小兒手かしハのふこおもて（手掌柏，似小兒手掌形）」之物。樹叢生，高一丈許而美，葉子從旁而生，宛如直立之手掌狀，背面為綠色，故稱為「ふこたもて（hukotamote）」。此樹由於側生，應為側柏的一種，在雷斅的說法中，叢柏全樹的葉子為綠色，且不入藥者稱為「叢」，叢生而非喬木，故而得名。（頁二後頁、頁三前頁）\n\n翻譯：林玟君",
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"title": "柳柏",
"desc": "一種「やうらくひバ（yaurakuhiba）」，「ひよくひバ（hiyokuhiba）」，「りうも（riumo）」，「柳柏」出自《通雅》。\n於常陸筑波山中自生，樹幹剛挺而直立，葉子的形狀與杉相似而長短交雜，又如花柏般葉子交錯皆隨枝條而下垂。（頁十四前頁）\n\n翻譯：林玟君",
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"title": "馬麟《靜聽松風》",
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"desc": "<div>畫中的主角具有長髥、宽袍，符合陶淵明的典型形象，可以看出其中所透露出的隱居之意。在蘇軾、朱熹的大力推崇下，陶淵明成為宋人心目中理想的士人典範。<br><br></div><div>除了宋理宗在畫上提出的「靜聽松風」題字外，還有乾隆皇帝題的詩：「傳神非阿堵，耳屬在喬松。生面別開處，清機忽滿胸。濤聲翻未已，蓋影布猶濃。公物千秋付，休言弘景重。」這就代表乾隆認為畫中人物為「特愛松風，每聞其響，欣然為樂」的五代梁朝道教人物陶弘景。</div>",
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"title": "油松外部型態",
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"title": "油松的外部型態",
"desc": "在松樹中又以油松為中國原產特有種，老樹樹冠平頂，大枝平展小枝粗壯，樹型古樸，老樹皮又有獨特花紋等特色，廣被栽植做為宮廷，皇陵（河北東、西陵）的園景樹，成為畫家喜愛的題材。",
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"desc": "<div>臺灣五木一詞源於西元1912年（大正元年），在臺灣博物學會報第二期第六卷中記載，艾維斯(H.J. Elwis)已經66歲的他來臺灣考察林業，他在臺中舉辦演講時；稱日本在很久以前就有「日本五木」之說法，日本政府則頒發命令禁止乏採而加以保護，認為臺灣應該也比照日本的來評訂「臺灣的五木」，當時的他身旁有著一位年輕力壯的助手卜萊士(W.R. Price)，而66歲的艾維斯上阿里山時則坐在兩個原住民抬著的轎子上，採集標本的重擔自然就落在卜萊士身上。艾維斯則將他所擬定的臺灣五木逐一說明：來當時他認為臺灣首屈一指的是阿里山所產的紅檜(<i>Chamaecyparis formosensis</i>)，檜木林為世界少數的美林之一，是相當需要保護且珍貴的，另外在檜木林中散生著臺灣杉(<i>Taiwania cryptomerioides</i>)，為臺灣特有種，樹形相當優美，在亞洲其它地區並不分布（最近的研究發現臺灣杉非臺灣特有，在越南、中國的雲南、湖北皆有分布）；第三重要的樹種是香杉(<i>Cunninghamia konishii</i>)，它是中國人用來作為棺木使用的木材，在臺灣的分布也極為稀少應妥善保護，並也鼓勵擴大造林；第四貴重樹種是臺灣油杉(<i>Keteleeria davidiana </i>var.<i> formosana</i>)及第五貴重的臺灣肖楠(<i>Calocedrus macrolepis </i>var.<i> formosana</i>)，其木材富含香味且美觀，國外少有這樣子的優良木材，因此將上述列為臺灣五木，是最具代表性及林業生產重要性的針葉五木。<br></div>",
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"desc": "一種「ひば（hiba）」，「雁翅柏」，「棬木」，「水杉」，以上出自《物理小識》。\n葉子的形狀與「さハら（sahara）」相似而密，樹枝下垂，木材白而帶有薄黃色，稠密而強韌，可用來製作器物。《物理小識》中載閩有水杉，葉與垂柏相似，木材可削作甑、盤等器物，―名為「棬木」，因材質輕而名此。（頁七後頁）\n\n翻譯：林玟君",
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"desc": "俗稱使用「檜」之字，乃「槙柏，びやくしん（biyakushin）」中「ひのき（hinoki），扁柏」。此樹木稍微摩擦時由於會有火花出現，故有「ひの木（火之木）」此名。各州皆有此物，信州乃至土州之物為上品，當中以從木曾的麝香山所出之物作為最上級之品。也因此木材的最上品以「麝香山」作為總稱。檜木的葉子形狀與花柏相似而厚，比側柏的葉子肥，葉面與葉背都為綠色，果實與杉木的果實相似，最小則如豆子一般。樹皮赤黑色，以直豎狀切割，此皮可作為修葺屋頂使用，此即為「ひわだぶき（hiwadabuki，檜皮葺，日本傳統以檜木皮修葺屋頂的形式）」。（頁五後頁、頁六前頁）\n\n翻譯：林玟君",
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"title": "柏、側柏、叢柏",
"desc": "柏的種類繁多，單以「柏」為名稱時，舉如：側柏、扁柏、花柏等，「柏」字出現於其品類之下。於藥方時，如「柏葉」、「柏子仁」等說法時，一般用以指稱漢種（從中國傳入日本的品種）的側柏，其餘則出自《集解》之說且並無常見的藥方等功能。（頁一前頁）\n\n側柏\n從漢土越洋傳來，栽種於官園中，成為喬木，高至二、三丈，葉一般的「このてかしハ（konotekashiha），手掌柏」極為相似而細薄，也與扁薄的葉子相似而硬，枝條粗而直立，故有「側柏」的名稱。新生的葉子本為五瓣，開淡黃色小花，結實的形狀與「このてかしハ（konotekashiha），手掌柏」的果實相似而大，如指頭般圓，中有籽，呈黃褐色，大約三分大小，與松子相似。在雷斅的說法中，其有子，圓葉成片如大片雲母，葉皆於側葉上有些許赤毛者，適合用於藥用。\n「叢柏」，出自《集解》，又稱為「このてかしハ」，「手掌柏」，出自《紹興有志》。（頁一後頁、頁二前頁、頁二後頁）\n\n叢柏\n此品種世上最多，於《萬葉集》中乃稱為「小兒手かしハのふこおもて（手掌柏，似小兒手掌形）」之物。樹叢生，高一丈許而美，葉子從旁而生，宛如直立之手掌狀，背面為綠色，故稱為「ふこたもて（hukotamote）」。此樹由於側生，應為側柏的一種，在雷斅的說法中，叢柏全樹的葉子為綠色，且不入藥者稱為「叢」，叢生而非喬木，故而得名。（頁二後頁、頁三前頁）\n\n翻譯：林玟君",
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"desc": "「叢柏」，出自《集解》，其中一種為漢種的「白檀，びやくだん（biyakudan）」。「香柏」，出自《遵生八牋》。\n即使被稱為漢種（從中國傳入日本的品種），詳細觀察其樹葉與扁柏相似，葉面與葉背都為綠色，花形則如側柏。（頁三後頁）\n\n翻譯：林玟君",
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