以水成家——出外賺食的水井人

水井村,係位於雲林縣口湖鄉沿海地帶的村庄,為名符其實「風頭水尾」之地,不僅農業生產相當困難,又時常面臨自然災害帶來的威脅。在如此艱困的環境下,水井人是如何生存的呢?
展覽頁面呈現形式
橫式
策展者
臺灣農村社會文化調查計畫/分項二 中央研究院臺灣史研究所
展覽封面
1c6f175726873a085a73e6b06c54e14c
展覽資料
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"農業上缺乏灌溉水,生活上又有水災威脅,長期以來對水井的農業發展形成阻礙。 &nbsp;<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>在嚴苛的生存環境下,如何維持家庭生計,即成為水井居民的重大課題。", "musicName": "無", "weight": 12, "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "theme-eykzqst7qp": { "id": "theme-eykzqst7qp", "type": "theme", "sortable": true, "primaryObj": { "oid": "fd52894da6e998fa391354bf02a95c76", "fileType": "image", "fileURI": "https://rural.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_rural/muse_styles/w1024/mcode/fd52894da6e998fa391354bf02a95c76.jpg?itok=yZkD-sIW", "level": "primary", "title": "鑿井老照片1", "desc": "", "thumbURI": "https://rural.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_rural/muse_styles/square_thumbnail_100/mcode/fd52894da6e998fa391354bf02a95c76.jpg?itok=zQFuHNkJ", "thumbMediumURI": "https://rural.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_rural/muse_styles/thumbnail_medium/mcode/fd52894da6e998fa391354bf02a95c76.jpg?itok=4PWxKcY9", "thumbBigURI": "https://rural.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_rural/muse_styles/thumbnail_big/mcode/fd52894da6e998fa391354bf02a95c76.jpg?itok=rBk8HaLP", "background": 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水井村老村長李甚有一句名言:「水井人攏出去賺食,穡無做」,意思是水井人大多出外鑿井賺錢,很少人留在家裡種田。<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>因此,以前在村子裡幾乎看不太到男生,男生都出外鑿井了。\n </span>\n </span>\n</span></span><br>", "musicName": "無", "weight": 14, "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "basic-q2w2i6brqo": { "id": "basic-q2w2i6brqo", "type": "basic", "sortable": true, "primaryObj": { "oid": "f9a33e2c4c4f707d9dda52767e608682", "fileType": "image", "fileURI": "https://rural.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_rural/muse_styles/w1024/mcode/5637e0b44278c6e6b0fb070b72894a3b.jpg?itok=OLjIAGSk", "level": "primary", "title": "水井村策展開放圖像資料/鑿井老照片│黃金財攝於臺南麻豆", "desc": "", "thumbURI": "https://rural.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_rural/muse_styles/square_thumbnail_100/mcode/5637e0b44278c6e6b0fb070b72894a3b.jpg?itok=bxo1p8qY", "thumbMediumURI": "https://rural.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_rural/muse_styles/thumbnail_medium/mcode/5637e0b44278c6e6b0fb070b72894a3b.jpg?itok=Hb_-khZT", "thumbBigURI": 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在沒有鑿井機械及塑膠井管的時代,過去臺灣農村常見利用竹子、鐵管組成的「柴井車」(又稱為蜘蛛車或柴車)進行鑿井。\n &nbsp;\n <br>&nbsp; &nbsp;<br>水井人擁有此技術的確切時間,暫不可考,僅知父、祖輩即有人從事柴井車鑿井。\n &nbsp;\n <br>&nbsp; &nbsp;<br>如今,此一傳統技藝已漸失傳,被機械鑿井取代,但水井村的耆老們仍對柴井車的構造及操作方式如數家珍。<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>柴井車就地取材,組裝容易,且鑿的井遠比用揪鏟挖的井要深,故能取得深層地下水。車體主要可分成「井架」、「轉輪」及「鑿管」。\n </span>\n </span>\n</span></span>", "musicName": "無", "weight": 17, "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "imgs-o31ilrzgh5": { "id": "imgs-o31ilrzgh5", "type": "imgs", "sortable": true, "multiObjs": [ { "oid": "6c15f90110995a0ca214b07684fc4a84", "title": "柱與栱", "desc": "", "thumbURI": "https://rural.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_rural/muse_styles/square_thumbnail_100/mcode/bdf97d9bcd7822ca1ce00e466840263b.jpg?itok=T68uDySw", "thumbMediumURI": "https://rural.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_rural/muse_styles/thumbnail_medium/mcode/bdf97d9bcd7822ca1ce00e466840263b.jpg?itok=7kFtJt5l", "thumbBigURI": 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"水井村的傳統鑿井工法,無須仰賴機器或馬達,係利用竹管、鐵管和竹片組合的柴井車鑿井。柴井車主要構造可分成運輸、鑿管、車尾版,以及支撐車體的管與柱,鑿穿厚實的土層,掘出地下水。圖為本計畫復舊柴井車之過程。", "thumbURI": "https://rural.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_rural/muse_styles/square_thumbnail_100/mcode/91451d38194ee0005f574b76b92a97c7.jpg?itok=-57kJcBF", "thumbMediumURI": "https://rural.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_rural/muse_styles/thumbnail_medium/mcode/91451d38194ee0005f574b76b92a97c7.jpg?itok=486JBm2r", "thumbBigURI": "https://rural.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_rural/muse_styles/thumbnail_big/mcode/91451d38194ee0005f574b76b92a97c7.jpg?itok=c4jYqYoV", "background": "https://rural.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_rural/muse_styles/w1920/mcode/91451d38194ee0005f574b76b92a97c7.jpg?itok=3ZGhhfCT", "mfid": "91451d38194ee0005f574b76b92a97c7", "musicURL": "", "musicName": "", "fileURI": "https://rural.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_rural/muse_styles/w1024/mcode/91451d38194ee0005f574b76b92a97c7.jpg?itok=KZ5wLDia", "fileType": "image", "fileCreator": "臺史所", "rights": "中央研究院 臺灣史研究所", "rightsLogo": 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"戰後初期,臺糖公司的美援鑿井設備促進了民間以機械鑿井的風潮。水井村機械井業者表示,村裡的鑿井業者在屏東接觸到製作鑿井機的鐵工廠,也在1950、60年代後與時俱進開始機械化,柴井車技術逐漸失傳。 &nbsp;<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<br>機械化鑿井與傳統技藝的最大差異在於人力。以柴井車來說,通常一個工地需14位工人、2位師傅,採兩班制輪流操作;機械鑿井則只需4位,2人一組輪班,有兩班制或三班制。當然,兩者鑿出的井深也完全不同級別。", "musicName": "無", "weight": 22, "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "basic-enwtgmgdgb": { "id": "basic-enwtgmgdgb", "type": "basic", "sortable": true, "primaryObj": { "oid": "f6176de323c5dee46a6c86a6a75d31e7", "fileType": "image", "fileURI": "https://rural.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_rural/muse_styles/w1024/mcode/f6176de323c5dee46a6c86a6a75d31e7.jpg?itok=0pqzPDWP", "level": "primary", "title": "機械鑿井車", "desc": "1950、60年代後,鑿井技術逐漸機械化,水井村也越來越少使用柴井車鑿井,鑿竹管井的技術逐漸失傳。圖為水井當地機械井公司負責人林先生倉庫所藏之機械式鑿井車。", "thumbURI": "https://rural.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_rural/muse_styles/square_thumbnail_100/mcode/f6176de323c5dee46a6c86a6a75d31e7.jpg?itok=oosCndgH", "thumbMediumURI": 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"<span>機械鑿井的鑽機共有三種:<br><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>\n</span><b>一、半自動</b>:為較多人使用,但無法鑽透石層。<br></span>&nbsp;&nbsp;<br><b>二、雞母柱</b>:可鑽透石層,主要見於臺中以南。\n<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;<br><b>三、螺旋式</b>:可鑽得較深、速度亦快。\n\n&nbsp;\n<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>1970-1980年代沿海養殖漁業大興,鑿井需求大為提高,鑿井也從水井村男人的重要「副業」成為「主業」,而常常外出鑿井。<br>", "musicName": "無", "weight": 23, "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "basic-u0lr6jiz56": { "id": "basic-u0lr6jiz56", "type": "basic", "sortable": true, "primaryObj": { "oid": "ff2452c84912a8bd0790493f5b40c905", "fileType": "image", "fileURI": "https://rural.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_rural/muse_styles/w1024/mcode/ff2452c84912a8bd0790493f5b40c905.jpg?itok=sekx6-o7", "level": "primary", "title": "生計_鑿井技術_水井車復舊_02", "desc": "", "thumbURI": "https://rural.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_rural/muse_styles/square_thumbnail_100/mcode/ff2452c84912a8bd0790493f5b40c905.jpg?itok=x9npa18C", "thumbMediumURI": 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"musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "quote-vzfyu7glgu": { "id": "quote-vzfyu7glgu", "type": "quote", "sortable": true, "musicName": "無", "weight": 25, "desc": "<span>\n <span><span>\n <span>\n 鑿井一定要師傅親身下去做才會知道。<br>老實說,鑿井就好像賭博一樣有輸贏,不是說穩賺的。<br>我曾經做到快要跑路,連續崩井崩好幾口。\n </span>\n </span>\n</span></span>", "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "basic-ay8dn36mxy": { "id": "basic-ay8dn36mxy", "type": "basic", "sortable": true, "primaryObj": { "oid": "5beae08e81b9772b74d8523b80ecd8cd", "fileType": "image", "fileURI": "https://rural.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_rural/muse_styles/w1024/mcode/bdcc2e5ed609794329dced72d69a9b45.jpg?itok=9TPClGMN", "level": "primary", "title": "鑿井之歌", "desc": "", "thumbURI": "https://rural.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_rural/muse_styles/square_thumbnail_100/mcode/bdcc2e5ed609794329dced72d69a9b45.jpg?itok=PK_Fcloy", "thumbMediumURI": "https://rural.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_rural/muse_styles/thumbnail_medium/mcode/bdcc2e5ed609794329dced72d69a9b45.jpg?itok=a0kluz6g", "thumbBigURI": 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"水井村的鑿井業經過時空環境變化後,於1990年代逐漸消退。<br><br>另一方面,1970年代政府推動「農漁牧綜合經營區」,水井村本地的土地利用,從原本的農業,陸續成為以養豬、養殖漁業為主的經濟產業。", "musicName": "無", "weight": 27, "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "basic-nxt5py9d4i": { "id": "basic-nxt5py9d4i", "type": "basic", "sortable": true, "primaryObj": { "oid": "91b200353e1015a0ccf325b5df7df87d", "fileType": "image", "fileURI": "https://rural.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_rural/muse_styles/w1024/mcode/91b200353e1015a0ccf325b5df7df87d.jpg?itok=CIbQGgDN", "level": "primary", "title": "鑿井老照片2", "desc": "", "thumbURI": "https://rural.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_rural/muse_styles/square_thumbnail_100/mcode/91b200353e1015a0ccf325b5df7df87d.jpg?itok=9dkoDJCz", "thumbMediumURI": "https://rural.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_rural/muse_styles/thumbnail_medium/mcode/91b200353e1015a0ccf325b5df7df87d.jpg?itok=IdcU1hH7", "thumbBigURI": "https://rural.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_rural/muse_styles/thumbnail_big/mcode/91b200353e1015a0ccf325b5df7df87d.jpg?itok=qD2XvLAT", "background": 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在「風頭水尾」地理環境所帶來的農業生產困境下,水井村民透過鑿井技術維持家庭生活所需,亦使水井村鑿井技術聞名全臺。儘管隨著時代變化,鑿井榮景已經不再,水井村民仍延續先民的精神,辛勤耕耘自己的家鄉。\n \n </span>\n</span></span>", "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "text-i8xqrl05mz": { "id": "text-i8xqrl05mz", "type": "text", "sortable": true, "musicName": "無", "weight": 33, "title": "參考文獻", "desc": "<span><b><u>專書及論文</u></b><br>施添福總編纂、陳國川等撰述,《臺灣地名辭書,卷九,雲林縣》,南投:臺灣文獻館,2002年。</span>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n<br>曾人口總編纂,《口湖鄉志》,雲林,雲林縣口湖鄉公所,2011年。\n\n&nbsp;\n\n<br>雲林農田水利會北港區管理處蔦松工作站編,《業務簡報》,雲林:雲林農田水利會北港區管理處蔦松工作站,1999年。\n\n&nbsp;\n\n<br>臺灣省政府農林廳編,《農業要覽(三)農田水利》,臺北:臺灣省政府農林廳,1958年,頁79。\n\n&nbsp;\n\n<br>劉銓芝,《水井村史》,雲林:雲林縣文化局,2015年。\n\n&nbsp;\n\n<br>鄭豐喜,《汪洋中的一條船》,嘉義:羅印務館,1975年。\n\n&nbsp;<br>\n\n<br><b><u>網路資源</u></b>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n<br>臺灣宗教文化地圖:口湖牽水「車藏」,2020年12月17日下載,<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://www.taiwangods.com/html/landscape/1_0011.aspx?i=66\">https://www.taiwangods.com/html/landscape/1_0011.aspx?i=66</a>。", "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "thanks": { "id": "thanks", "type": 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臺灣農村社會文化調查計畫/分項二 中央研究院臺灣史研究所