李庥與伊莉莎白·李庥：台灣客家宣教的先驅

Hugh Ritchie and Elizabeth Cooke Ritchie:  Pioneers of Hakka education in Taiwan

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策展者

黃宣衛

中研院民族所博物館 Museum of the Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica

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bfa6182eb9ddc914ccfe359ba224b83d

展覽資料

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Hugh Ritchie", "desc": "", "thumbURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/square_thumbnail_100/mcode/0bb513b5246f4f2be20e4410b617cd0c.jpg?itok=4hrLe4OK", "thumbMediumURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/thumbnail_medium/mcode/0bb513b5246f4f2be20e4410b617cd0c.jpg?itok=xFqcLt8B", "thumbBigURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/thumbnail_big/mcode/0bb513b5246f4f2be20e4410b617cd0c.jpg?itok=k0pzr6-P", "background": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/w1920/mcode/0bb513b5246f4f2be20e4410b617cd0c.jpg?itok=MPNWLvfL", "mfid": "0bb513b5246f4f2be20e4410b617cd0c", "musicURL": "", "musicName": "", "fileCreator": "", "rights": "Wikimedia Commons", "rightsLogo": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/styles/square_thumbnail_100/public/default_rights/memder_non-04.png?itok=gq-PTcKL", "fileLicence": "公眾領域標章（Public Domain Mark）", "fileDisableLink": "1", "fileOversize": false }, "title": "宣教士李庥與客家人的接觸", "desc": "Missionary Hugh Ritchie's contact with the Hakka people 長老教會在1863年派遣馬雅各醫師以台灣府（台南）為據點展開醫療與宣教工作，是當時長老會在台唯一的宣教士。為使長老教會在台的傳道工作推展更加順利，李庥（Hugh Ritchie）與妻子伊莉莎白·李庥（Elizabeth Cooke Ritchie）在1867年末從廈門出發，開始他們12年在台的宣教生活。 李庥主要經營府城南方的打狗宣教區，以阿里港（里港）為起點，足跡遍及南台灣的木柵（內門）、東港、竹仔腳（林邊）等地，也曾到訪東海岸的原住民聚落、中部的埔社平原（埔里、集集）。在1871年接待來台的馬偕牧師，對北部教會的開拓有所貢獻。 主要在內山、沿山地區傳教的李庥，從書信文獻中描述這個地區是漢人（Chinaman, Chinese）、「番」（Hoan）與土著（aborigines, savages）混居與交會的地帶。 1872年夏季，李庥探視了新設於竹仔腳的宣道站、領洗當地11名慕道友，當中四名男子是客家人（Hakkas），這是李庥首次在宣道書信中提及台灣的客家人—— In 1863, the Presbyterian Church sent Doctor James Laidlaw Maxwell to Taiwan's capital (Tainan) to set up a base for medical and missionary work. He was the only Presbyterian missionary in Taiwan at that time. To facilitate the missionary work of the Presbyterian Church in Taiwan, Hugh Ritchie and his wife, Elizabeth Cooke Ritchie, set out from Xiamen in late 1867 to begin their 12-year missionary life in Taiwan. Ritchie mainly engaged in missionary districts in the Takao Mission, south of the capital, beginning from A-likang (Likang), and through areas of south Taiwan including Muja, Donggang, Zhuzaijiao (Linbian). He also visited indigenous settlements on the east coast, and the Pushe Plains (Puli, Jiji) of central Taiwan. He received Rev. George Leslie Mackay in 1871, and contributed to the development of the church in northern Taiwan. In his letters and documents, Hugh Ritchie, who preached mainly in the mountainous areas, described the area as inhabited by a comingling of Han (Chinaman, Chinese), \"Hoan,\" and indigenous people (aborigines, savages) populations. In the summer of 1872, Ritchie visited the new missions at the foot of Zhuzaijiao, where he baptized 11 local converts, among whom four were Hakka. This marked the first mention of the Hakka in Ritchie’s letters. ", "musicName": "無", "weight": 1, "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "quote-614ifmo2k2": { "id": "quote-614ifmo2k2", "type": "quote", "sortable": true, "musicName": "無", "weight": 2, "desc": "「我們看到分散在島嶼上的兩種人群（people）：廈門的中國人（Amoy Chinaman）與「番」（Hoan）一同接受福音信仰，現在第三個族群——廣東中國人（Canton Chinaman, 即客家人）也在我們的領聖餐名單上。」 “We have already seen two of the scattered people of this island submitting to the faith of the gospel -the Amoy Chinaman and the Hoan - and now a third tribe -the Canton Chinaman[the Hakka] is found on our communion roll.“ ", "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "basic-7e93ve9c03": { "id": "basic-7e93ve9c03", "type": "basic", "sortable": true, "primaryObj": { "oid": "de098ec8e0b3805a55106b5ac8c254e7", "fileType": "image", "fileURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/w1024/mcode/14d556a5c08fd3801b1abe0f5b776410.jpg?itok=zTPwGEql", "level": "primary", "title": "《客話約翰福音書》內頁1-4 Page from the Hakka-language version of The Gospel of John (1-4)", "desc": "", "thumbURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/square_thumbnail_100/mcode/14d556a5c08fd3801b1abe0f5b776410.jpg?itok=c-bor17n", "thumbMediumURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/thumbnail_medium/mcode/14d556a5c08fd3801b1abe0f5b776410.jpg?itok=2Yr4YG8C", "thumbBigURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/thumbnail_big/mcode/14d556a5c08fd3801b1abe0f5b776410.jpg?itok=JX1bxnvP", "background": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/w1920/mcode/14d556a5c08fd3801b1abe0f5b776410.jpg?itok=61q31BUF", "mfid": "14d556a5c08fd3801b1abe0f5b776410", "musicURL": "", "musicName": "", "fileCreator": "", "rights": "邱信惠", "rightsLogo": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/styles/square_thumbnail_100/public/default_rights/memder_non-05.png?itok=0rVBS4da", "fileLicence": "創用CC 姓名標示-非商業性-相同方式分享", "fileDisableLink": "1", "fileOversize": false }, "title": "李庥的客語學習", "desc": "Hugh Ritchie’s Hakka language study 早期的宣教士會雇用當地人作為語言教師，李庥也在南岸（屏東新埤）聘請了一位名為添興（Thiam-hin）的老先生學習客語口說與閱讀。 1879年夏末李庥在書信中透露，他為了學習客語而延長在外地客庄探視的行程，從中可看出他閱讀當時的客話教材，並已具備日常客語會話能力。 「我可以和這些精力旺盛、聰明機智的人用他們自己的方言做晚禮拜⋯⋯我們巴色朋友出版的客家白話翻譯對我非常有用。」 這些字句顯示，當時的台灣客家宣教工作也受到主要活躍於中國廣東的巴色差會影響，「客家白話翻譯」可能為透過英國或外國聖經公會所取得的《客話羅馬字新約聖經》。此書由黎力基與畢安牧師（Rev. Charles Piton）於1870年代出版。 Early missionaries hired local residents as language teachers, and Ritchie also found an elderly gentleman by the name of Thiam-hin on the south coast (Sinpi Township, Pingtung) to teach him spoken Hakka and reading. In a letter written at the end of summer in 1879, Ritchie revealed that he extended his visit to a rural Hakka area in order to learn the Hakka dialect, and he had clearly read the Hakka language textbooks and was able to make conversation in Hakka. “I had evening worship with this energetic and intelligent people in their own dialect…The Hakka colloquial translations published by our Basel friends have been of much service to me.” As these words reveal, proselytizing to the Hakka in Taiwan was also influenced by the Basel Mission Society who were mainly active in Guangdong, China. The “Hakka Colloquial Translations” likely referred to the “Romanized Hakka New Testament” obtained through UK or foreign Bible Societies, which was published by Rudolf Lechler and Rev. Charles Piton in 1870. 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Anti-Christian sentiment was prevalent whether among the community or in government, among the Hoklo or indigenous populations. Ritchie often mentioned this in his letters. While living among the Hakka, Ritchi not only was conscious of the language differences and actively learned Hakka, he also tried to understand the anti-Christian behavior, and evaluated the Hakka character positively. He saw them as a particularly united, ambitious people who protected their traditional customs and beliefs. “With the progress of the work among this interesting race there is also some persecution….It is to be expected that such a go-ahead people as the Hakkas will not quietly look on and see the cherished convictions of centuries called in question.”  </div>", "musicName": "無", "weight": 4, "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "basic-zj0kilpsei": { "id": "basic-zj0kilpsei", "type": "basic", "sortable": true, "primaryObj": { "oid": "382eabf41d748769bd1fc21941053b1c", "fileType": "image", "fileURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/w1024/mcode/c37d25378d9c785048d51efd7dbdd6e1.jpg?itok=uvlh2xIQ", "level": "primary", "title": "臺南長老教女學校舍", "desc": "", "thumbURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/square_thumbnail_100/mcode/c37d25378d9c785048d51efd7dbdd6e1.jpg?itok=FsXcLGSn", "thumbMediumURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/thumbnail_medium/mcode/c37d25378d9c785048d51efd7dbdd6e1.jpg?itok=kXADyv_5", "thumbBigURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/thumbnail_big/mcode/c37d25378d9c785048d51efd7dbdd6e1.jpg?itok=Qc3FWWTf", "background": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/w1920/mcode/c37d25378d9c785048d51efd7dbdd6e1.jpg?itok=4Jx-grQt", "mfid": "c37d25378d9c785048d51efd7dbdd6e1", "musicURL": "", "musicName": "", "fileCreator": "", "rights": "國立臺灣歷史博物館", "rightsLogo": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/styles/square_thumbnail_100/public/default_rights/memder_non-01.png?itok=DszBk5va", "fileLicence": "著作權利所有-僅能瀏覽", "fileDisableLink": "1", "fileOversize": false }, "title": "伊莉莎白·李庥", "desc": "Elizabeth Ritchie 行腳路線遍及台灣南部、中部的李庥夫婦，一面傳道，也關注台灣女性的健康及社會地位。在宣教過程中，伊莉莎白·李庥延續馬雅各夫人的工作，教育不同族群的婦女以白話字識讀聖經，並提倡解放纏足、興辦女學。藉由書信記錄，伊莉莎白以女性的視角，留下了當時台灣各族群婦女的生活情景。 李庥在1879年秋季因瘧疾早逝，1880年伊莉莎白·李庥成為長老會在台灣首位女性宣教士，同時更積極為教會女學籌措資金、倡議女性教育與宣教的重要性，創立的女學校後來更名台南長老教女學校，是今日的長榮女中。伊莉莎白因健康因素，在1884年返國休養，此後再無返回台灣。 The Ritchies journeyed across southern and central Taiwan, and noticed the health and social status of Taiwanese women where as they preached. During their missionary process, Elizabeth Ritchie continued in the work of Mrs. Maxwell. She taught women of different ethnic groups to read the Bible, advocated for the liberation of bound feet, and established schools for girls. Through letters and documents, Elizabeth Ritchie left behind descriptions from a woman’s perspective of life for women of various ethnic groups in Taiwan at the time. Ritchie died from malaria in the autumn of 1879, and Elizabeth Ritchie was ordained as the first female Presbyterian missionary in Taiwan. She actively raised funds for a missionary school for girls, and advocated for women’s education and mission work. The girls’ school she established was later renamed the Tainan Presbyterian School for Girls, which is now the Changrong Girl’s Middle School. Elizabeth returned to the UK in 1884 to recuperate after an illness and never returned to Taiwan. 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李庥與伊莉莎白·李庥：台灣客家宣教的先驅

李庥與伊莉莎白·李庥：台灣客家宣教的先驅

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