《鹿港歷史地圖散步》

《鹿港歷史地圖散步》

2023/05/10
2023/05/11
<b>章節二:鹿港的港道變遷</b><br><br><br><br><br>
展覽頁面呈現形式
縱式
策展者
中央研究院人社中心GIS專題中心
楊朝傑(國立臺灣大學歷史學所博士候選人)
展覽封面
981301177a53fff00c437139aff5dd4f
展覽資料
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<br></div><div><br></div><div>不過,鹿港這處位在鹿港溪出海口的河港,不如高雄和基隆良港天成。在港道南方不遠就是舊濁水溪入海地帶,鹿港溪與舊濁水溪活躍的泥沙堆積之下,沙壅港道早在十八世紀就已經發生。乾隆末年臺灣爆發林爽文事件時,震驚北京乾隆皇帝,朝廷派出大量官員與軍隊渡海平亂,鹿港就是當時臺灣二個重要的進兵要口。斯時閩浙總督李侍堯的幕僚趙翼隨行平亂,在廈門的他,留下這段紀錄:「幸林爽文等皆山賊,但知攻城,不知扼海口,故我師得以揚帆至。然海口舟大不能附岸,須鹿港出小船二十里來渡兵。」趙翼記錄了人們親眼目睹運兵巨艦只能停泊港外,仰靠小舟接駁的情景。 <br></div><div><br></div><div>當地稱舊港溝的鹿港溪河道,是鹿港人普遍認知的河港所在,大致是從泉州街、埔頭街連過瑤林街一線東南而行,瀕臨街區的這條溪水,最終將港道停止在龍山寺附近,留下了「港底」地名,表明這是港道最內延的地帶。這條港道是二千石以下船隻主要停泊的處所,超過二千石以上的大船,因為吃水較深,就只能在港外的洋面等候小船前往裝卸貨物。 <br></div><div><br></div><div>雖說大船無法入港,卻也不影響兩岸貿易的進行。泉州街、埔頭街、瑤林街、大有街、金盛巷一帶,因為緊鄰港道,於是成為了船頭行與郊商的重要據點。像是清代鹿港富商林振嵩家族開設的「日茂行」,以及往來廈門貿易的商人團體的廈郊會館(今鹿港公會堂前身)等重要商業建築,幾乎矗立在這條港道周邊。</div>", "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "highlight_basic-mz4gxm9s3n": { "id": "highlight_basic-mz4gxm9s3n", "type": "highlight_basic", "sortable": true, "primaryObj": { "oid": "3eb043973a4fecde14d8528964ece43f", "fileType": "image", "fileURI": 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<br></div><div><br></div><div>鹿港海域沙汕變化無常,港道易換是不爭的事實。不過《彰化縣志》也說:「以鹿港為正口,然沙汕時常淤塞,深則大船可入,淺則小船得到。」也就是說雖然鹿港既有港道淤淺,但是大小船隻仍可以找到合適的水道通行,並非因淤淺而完全喪失船運價值。 <br></div><div><br></div><div>儘管鹿港港道淤積,消極上只能覓尋王功港或番挖港替代,但接連外港的鹿港溪港道,卻可以透過人工清淤稍稍緩解淤淺的問題。像是道光二年(1822),鹿港的泉、廈郊商人遭遇「水道淤塞,貨物不通」的窘境,於是向新到任的北路理番同知鄧傳安陳請,得到官府指示由商船業者捐助銀兩,疏濬港道。即使作法只能治標而未能治本,卻已經是當時人們認為最有效而積極的辦法。</div>", "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "highlight_basic-s2qxjsox9s": { "id": "highlight_basic-s2qxjsox9s", "type": "highlight_basic", "sortable": true, "primaryObj": { "oid": "39287d6ec154b5177d3c5edc846b2ca7", "fileType": "image", "fileURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/w1024/mcode/82483721c353caa26d578f36cc8559aa.jpg?itok=lYiQNDQh", "level": "primary", "title": "清宮抄錄奏摺中附圖", "desc": "", "thumbURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/square_thumbnail_100/mcode/82483721c353caa26d578f36cc8559aa.jpg?itok=0MW-MH4y", "thumbMediumURI": 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"<div>在洪棄生生活的清末日治初期,鹿港早不如從前繁榮,原本船隻來往頻繁的舊港溝港道已經淤積,可以輕易的涉水而過,所以他說「是時鹿港通海之水已淺可涉矣,海艟之來,止泊於沖西內津;之所謂『鹿港飛帆』者,已不概見矣」。當時的鹿港內港稱作沖西港,是大船暫時停泊之地。貨物起落、接駁運搬都是透過竹筏,其實與道光以來的運輸方式一樣。在明治三十九年(1906)刊登在《台灣舊慣記事》中的一張照片,清晰呈現了街邊港道淤淺,竹筏成列的景觀,這大概就是清末鹿港港道的真實寫照。因此,藉由這張圖面可以體會洪棄生所謂「『鹿港飛帆』者,已不概見矣」的心情。</div><div><br></div><div>\n\n當時洪棄生與朋友一同搭乘小舟,向著「新溝」一帶划行,靠近鹿港的舊港口一帶,是從前商船所停泊的地方,那時都已經淤積成為沙灘,甚至被居民耕作成菜圃種菜。原本在照片中清楚可見的蜿蜒港道,也隨著時間推移,逐漸消失。到了大正年間,在烏魚寮一帶彎取的港道,因為嚴重淤積,浮覆成為陸地,這片廣闊土地的出現,最終被建設成為鹿港第二公學校(今文開國小)及鹿港女子公學校(今洛津國小)。至於有些河道地帶,在陸化的過程中,也被用做養魚池塘,並深刻地被記錄在地圖之上,成為我們追尋鹿港河港記憶的線索。</div>" }, "highlight_basic-zk2pjv0sbj": { "id": "highlight_basic-zk2pjv0sbj", "type": "highlight_basic", "sortable": true, "primaryObj": { "oid": "24d6f9096bbe74806ef76e655a37422f", "fileType": "image", "fileURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/w1024/mcode/bc025f957ba60e699c1ba895a3b0cd50.jpg?itok=iUce5-qM", "level": "primary", "title": "清末日治初期鹿港港道與竹筏", "desc": "", "thumbURI": 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中央研究院人社中心GIS專題中心楊朝傑(國立臺灣大學歷史學所博士候選人)