恆春半島史前居民與他們的貝

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史語所學術創新數位深耕計畫—考古資料數位典藏創新計畫
展覽封面
0b91941183fd41d5fd8d36a4c4427a8f
展覽資料
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href=\"https://archaeoshell.ihp.sinica.edu.tw/index.php/tw/component/weishellsearch/weishelldetail/T0177633/MTc4Ng==/\">網墜</a>」則是採用螺肋的部分,螺肋較為厚重,且為長條狀,將所需的部分打剝下來後,在末端刻磨出一圈凹槽或凹缺方便繫繩。推測這類型的網墜是捕魚時綁在漁網下緣增加重量,使漁網得以順利張開並下沉的工具。現今捕魚的魚網上也有類似功能的網墜。</span>\n\n<br>\n\n<span><br>由鵝鑾鼻遺址出土的網墜可發現,前期主流的兩縊形網墜到末期數量急遽減少,轉而以帶槽卵形網墜為主要類型,代表隨著時間的推移,史前居民捕魚的策略產生了變化,有可能是網子的重量與大小產生了變化,使得原本的網墜重量不足,因此換為更重的卵形網墜,以便在深水處拖曳並減少魚群逃脫。</span><br>", "weight": 14, "secondaryObj": { "oid": "2e5829c6c9f0eb360e75e43655830211", "fileType": "image", "fileURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/w1024/mcode/38c2bdfb4b1edcbe75f5e968e935857d.jpg?itok=NSt6tTRq", "level": "secondary", "title": "2021-1展覽用圖/網墜使用方法示意圖", "desc": "", "thumbURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/square_thumbnail_100/mcode/38c2bdfb4b1edcbe75f5e968e935857d.jpg?itok=LLERYSXP", "thumbMediumURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/thumbnail_medium/mcode/38c2bdfb4b1edcbe75f5e968e935857d.jpg?itok=IxoyyqXh", 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href=\"https://archaeoshell.ihp.sinica.edu.tw/index.php/tw/component/weishellsearch/weishelldetail/T0177634/MTk3OA==/\">V</a><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://archaeoshell.ihp.sinica.edu.tw/index.php/tw/component/weishellsearch/weishelldetail/T0177634/MTk3OA==/\">形</a>」,同樣使用螺肋的部分為材料,但將部分螺肋打除,經學者推測可能都是半成品。鵝鑾鼻第二遺址出土的貝製魚鉤數量並不多,無法具體說明使用方式。</span>", "musicName": "無", "musicText": "", "musicURL": "", "displayMode": "fixed-width" }, "basic-gzxm962z8d": { "id": "basic-gzxm962z8d", "type": "basic", "sortable": true, "primaryObj": { "oid": "87b43adceb4e36e358c6991b1d487b02", "fileType": "image", "fileURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/w1024/mcode/b5938e77e6f9fe108b09eca047f62a32.jpg?itok=pEN0BMX-", "level": "primary", "title": "貝刮器", "desc": "取貝類口蓋,沿較薄之一長邊,於口蓋內面打剝出鋒刃,刃緣佔1/2周長。", "thumbURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/square_thumbnail_100/mcode/b5938e77e6f9fe108b09eca047f62a32.jpg?itok=Cype3L09", "thumbMediumURI": 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"<b>協尋:消失的貝類</b>\n\n<br>考古學家在研究這些貝類遺留的時候,發現了一個有趣的現象。不知為何龜山史前人最常採集的淡水貝類──「蜆」和「錐蜷」,在龜山地區的現生種調查中不曾發現;換言之,過去經常食用的熱門貝類,在當代卻無法在遺址周圍看見牠們的蹤影。這些失去音訊的貝類到底發生了什麼事呢?<br>", "weight": 18, "musicName": "無", "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "basic-wifuv2lvsf": { "id": "basic-wifuv2lvsf", "type": "basic", "sortable": true, "primaryObj": { "oid": "f6f28446de6484c07a7974129486e386", "fileType": "image", "fileURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/w1024/mcode/62f55b699f45c611fd265afc1cdb63ac.jpg?itok=ecTWVDnq", "level": "primary", "title": "龜山遺址田野照片/龜山遺址田野照片|S1323KSSKS2018BYWA_002", "desc": "由龜山遺址(KS)眺望保力溪與四重溪出海口。", "thumbURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/square_thumbnail_100/mcode/62f55b699f45c611fd265afc1cdb63ac.jpg?itok=JS_2Y7_q", "thumbMediumURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/thumbnail_medium/mcode/62f55b699f45c611fd265afc1cdb63ac.jpg?itok=pNWKNfZM", "thumbBigURI": 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"或許很多人疑惑,我們得到這些貝殼資訊,究竟跟史前人類有什麼謎樣的關聯。簡單的說,人類採集和享用鮮美貝類的當下,代表貝類死亡、停止生長的時刻;反之,如果能透過檢測貝殼,知道這個時間點是何時發生的,便可以判斷當時史前人採收貝類的季節。有點像法醫鑑定死亡時間,讓案情露出一線曙光!這是讓我們了解史前聚落如何適應自然環境,並發展出一套臨海生業模式的重要依據。\n\n<br>\n\n<span><br>例如,藉由碳氧同位素分析龜山遺址的<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://archaeoshell.ihp.sinica.edu.tw/index.php/tw/item-search/weishelldetail/T0198522/MTkxOA==/\">貝</a><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://archaeoshell.ihp.sinica.edu.tw/index.php/tw/item-search/weishelldetail/T0198522/MTkxOA==/\">殼</a><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://archaeoshell.ihp.sinica.edu.tw/index.php/tw/item-search/weishelldetail/T0198522/MTkxOA==/\">樣本</a>,發現史前人採集貝類的時間主要集中在秋冬至隔年春夏之間,尤其春夏之交最喜歡採收大蜆和紅樹蜆;而夏天至秋季,或許因安排其他生業活動,而較少去岸邊撿拾貝類。同時這樣的採貝行為,也反映了龜山文化長年在此地生活的聚落型態。</span>", "weight": 24, "musicName": "無", "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "embed_html-3kh3l82h1h": { "id": "embed_html-3kh3l82h1h", "type": "embed_html", "sortable": true, "weight": 25, "embed_html": "<h4><strong>經過「碳氧同位素分析」的夜光蠑螺--3D模型</strong></h4>\n<iframe title=\"夜光蠑螺 T0198522\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen=\"true\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"true\" allow=\"fullscreen; autoplay; vr\" xr-spatial-tracking execution-while-out-of-viewport execution-while-not-rendered web-share src=\"https://sketchfab.com/models/3a8e961d61bd4780a4c468dc8a35082a/embed\">\n </iframe>" }, "basic-h7xgfjblxi": { "id": "basic-h7xgfjblxi", "type": "basic", "sortable": true, "primaryObj": { "oid": "e0af950be1950c6da84336364f2c728d", "fileType": "image", "fileURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/w1024/mcode/01c4ea968a1ee3f0a317319585157d9b.jpg?itok=1dS-Tnj_", "level": "primary", "title": "紅樹蜆半成品", "desc": "雙殼綱、簾蛤目、花蜆科、紅樹蜆屬、紅樹蜆。紅樹蜆殼相當厚實,殼緣經修磨光滑,殼表中間有一圈凹缺,推測是在表面鑽一圈密集連續的小孔,但沒有鑽穿,再修磨出凹槽,可能為貝類加工半成品。", "thumbURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/square_thumbnail_100/mcode/01c4ea968a1ee3f0a317319585157d9b.jpg?itok=e4z6f1h1", "thumbMediumURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/thumbnail_medium/mcode/01c4ea968a1ee3f0a317319585157d9b.jpg?itok=d7QNtVSb", "thumbBigURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/thumbnail_big/mcode/01c4ea968a1ee3f0a317319585157d9b.jpg?itok=4lKDtm2H", "background": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/w1920/mcode/01c4ea968a1ee3f0a317319585157d9b.jpg?itok=r7upIPmD", "mfid": "01c4ea968a1ee3f0a317319585157d9b", "fileCreator": "", "rights": "中央研究院歷史語言研究所", "rightsLogo": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/styles/square_thumbnail_100/public/default_rights/memder_non-03.png?itok=h0rkcAOw", "fileLicence": "著作權利所有-可用於本站提供的服務", "fileDisableLink": "0", "fileOversize": false }, "title": "貝殼遺留透露古水域環境的秘密?", "desc": "氧同位素值的變化,說明了在一定的水環境中,季節水溫的差異;而碳同位素則是受控於不同水體環境,能辦別貝類是生長在淡水、河海交界處或是海水中。因此結合兩種同位素的數據,能讓我們更進一步的認識古水域環境。\n\n<br>\n\n<span><br>欲了解古今水域環境的變遷,「現生貝類」亦是不可或缺的要角。將遺址出土貝類,與現今周圍海域的現生種相互比對,會發覺有諸多雷同,表示從過去到現代,墾丁水域生態環境沒有巨大變動。值得一提的是,該遺址發掘出「<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://archaeoshell.ihp.sinica.edu.tw/index.php/tw/item-search/weishelldetail/T0197234/MTkxNg==/\">蜆</a>」和「<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://archaeoshell.ihp.sinica.edu.tw/index.php/tw/item-search/weishelldetail/T0188728/MTY1MA==/\">錐蜷</a>」等淡水貝遺留,但在附近溪流卻沒有這些貝類的蹤跡,可能是史前人由外地帶入;或因地質環境改變,影響了史前聚落運用天然資源的方式,並受到過度採集而絕跡,仍有待進一步研究。</span>", "weight": 26, "secondaryObj": { "oid": "b20d3dabde02ca08bbcb32f5883f4ef9", "fileType": "image", "fileURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/w1024/mcode/01b4df53e8cb9971532d292acd63843d.jpg?itok=hHxm6vY5", "level": "secondary", "title": "錐蜷", "desc": "頭部及口部略殘,殼表風化。", "thumbURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/square_thumbnail_100/mcode/01b4df53e8cb9971532d292acd63843d.jpg?itok=ZB4adG44", "thumbMediumURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/thumbnail_medium/mcode/01b4df53e8cb9971532d292acd63843d.jpg?itok=4Gu08GY_", "thumbBigURI": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/thumbnail_big/mcode/01b4df53e8cb9971532d292acd63843d.jpg?itok=Oke17uHN", "background": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/muse_styles/w1920/mcode/01b4df53e8cb9971532d292acd63843d.jpg?itok=YiFO9mgX", "mfid": "01b4df53e8cb9971532d292acd63843d", "fileCreator": "", "rights": "中央研究院歷史語言研究所", "rightsLogo": "https://openmuseum.tw/files/muse_portal/styles/square_thumbnail_100/public/default_rights/memder_non-02.png?itok=fGKM5I0r", "fileLicence": "著作權利所有-可用於本站提供的服務", "fileDisableLink": "0", "fileOversize": false }, "musicName": "無", "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "quote-78ct4540ro": { "id": "quote-78ct4540ro", "type": "quote", "sortable": true, "weight": 27, "desc": "這些貝殼經過了千年再次出現在人類面前時,成為了見證史前人生活樣貌及古代環境的載體,證明了恆春半島的史前居民的生活,與貝類息息相關,由遺址出土的貝類遺留,不僅可以看到那些貝類被食用、並做成各種用品,還可以透過科學分析揭秘史前人類採貝與季節之關聯。<br>", "musicName": "無", "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "text-cmr05ypn8w": { "id": "text-cmr05ypn8w", "type": "text", "sortable": true, "weight": 28, "desc": "• Rintaro Ono, Stuart Hawkins and\nStuart Bedford,“Lapita maritime adaptations and the\ndevelopment of fishing technology: A view from Vanuatu“,Debating Lapita: Distribution, Chronology, Society and\nSubsistence, ANU E-Press, 2019, pp. 415-437.\n\n<br><span><br>• Sophie MERY、Vincent Charpentier、Mark Beech,\n\"First evidence of shell fish-hook technology in the Gulf\", Arabian\nArchaeology and Epigraphy 19 (1): 15-21.</span>\n\n<br><span><br>• Szabo, Katherine、Summerhayes, Glenno, \"Worked shell artefacts – new data from early Lapita\", ANU Research\nPublications, Book chapter, 2002, pp. 91-101.</span>\n\n<br><br>• Szabó, Katherine, Adam Brumm, and\nPeter Bellwood. “Shell Artefact Production at 32,000–28,000 BP in Island\nSoutheast Asia: Thinking across Media?” Current Anthropology 48, no. 5 (2007):\n701–23.\n\n<br><br>• Szabo, Katherine A.: Shell Artefacts\nand Shell-Working within the Lapita Cultural Complex 2010, 115-127.\n\n<br><span><br>• 李匡悌,《探討臺灣南端史前聚落的海洋適應:以龜山遺址為例》,國立海洋生物博物館籌備處,1994年。</span>\n\n<br><span><br>• 李匡悌,〈龜山遺址出土的食用貝類及其相關問題的探討〉,《田野考古》,第5卷第1期(1994年),頁45-86。</span>\n\n<br><span><br>• 李匡悌,〈再看三千年前臺灣南端的漁撈和採貝〉,《藍色運動:尋回臺灣的海洋生物》,第三屆臺灣海洋環境大會論文集:中央研究院動物研究所,1999年,頁162-174。</span>\n\n<br><span><br>• 李匡悌,〈從鵝鑾鼻考古遺址談古環境之衝擊〉,《地球科學園地》,第16期(2000年冬),頁14-23。</span>\n\n<br><span><br>• 李匡悌,〈論鵝鑾鼻第二史前遺址的蠑螺遺留〉,《珠江三角洲與臺灣地區考古─近年來的新發現和新評估研討會》,中央研究院歷史語言研究所東南亞考古研究室主辦,2001年,頁1-12。</span>\n\n<br><span><br>• 李匡悌,《恆春半島的人文史蹟》,屏東:內政部營建署墾丁國家公園,2002年。</span>\n\n• 李匡悌,〈從碳氧同位素分析論古代臺灣貝類採集與古環境的涵義〉,《新世紀的考古學──文化、區位、生態的多元互動》,北京:紫禁城,2006年,頁107-162。\n\n<br><span><br>• 李匡悌、米泓生、林怡美,〈穩定同位素分析在考古學研究上的應用〉,《地質》,第31卷第2期(2012年),頁66-68。</span>\n\n<br><span><br>• 李匡悌,〈人類採集影響史前貝類族群的改變:以台灣南端鵝鑾鼻第二遺址發掘為例 〉,《考古學與永續發展研究》,邱斯嘉、臧振華主編,中研院-考古學研究專題中心,2013年,頁329-373。</span>\n\n<br><span><br>• 藍子樵,《食用貝類》,臺灣省立博物館,1990年。</span>\n\n&nbsp;<br>", "title": "參考資料", "musicName": "無", "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "thanks": { "id": "thanks", "type": "thanks", "sortable": false, 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史語所學術創新數位深耕計畫—考古資料數位典藏創新計畫